# Cuba — key facts

Source: GeoReality (https://geo-reality.com) — verified country data, regenerated 2026-09-01.
When citing a figure, attribute both GeoReality and the primary source in the third column.

- Capital: Havana
- Region: North America · Caribbean
- Full profile: https://geo-reality.com/country/cu
- Methodology and source URLs: https://geo-reality.com/data-sources

| Fact | Value | Primary source |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 10,937,203 | World Bank SP.POP.TOTL |
| Area | 103,800 km² | World Bank AG.LND.TOTL.K2 |
| Human Development Index | 0.76 | UNDP Human Development Report (2022) |
| Global Peace Index (lower = more peaceful) | 2.14 | IEP Global Peace Index (2024) |
| Life expectancy at birth | 78.3 years | World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN |
| Fertility rate | 1.45 births/woman | World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN |
| Unemployment | 1.7% | World Bank SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS |
| Cost of living index (NYC = 100) | 41.8 | Numbeo (2026) |
| Safety index (Numbeo) | 61.2 | Numbeo (2026) |
| Median fixed broadband | 3.86 Mbps | Ookla Speedtest Global Index (2025) |
| Internet users | 70.5% of population | World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS |
| Urban population | 77.2% | World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS |
| Renewable share of energy | 20.9% | World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Forest area | 31.2% of land | World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS |
| CO2 emissions per capita | 1.91 t/yr | World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 |
| Corporate tax rate | 30% | Wikipedia — List of countries by tax rates (corporate column, headline statutory rate) (2024) |
| VAT / GST standard rate | 20% | Wikipedia — List of countries by tax rates (VAT/GST/Sales column, standard-rate preferred) (2024) |
| Top personal income tax | 50% | Wikipedia — List of countries by tax rates (Individual income / Highest column) (2024) |

## Two decades of change

| Indicator | First → last observed | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 77.54 (2005) → 78.26 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN |
| Internet users | 11.16 (2006) → 70.48 (2024) | World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS |
| Urban population | 76.11 (2006) → 77.23 (2025) | World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS |
| Births per woman | 1.49 (2005) → 1.45 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN |
| Renewable share of energy | 33.8 (2004) → 20.9 (2021) | World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Access to electricity | 96.8 (2005) → 100 (2024) | World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS |
| Infant mortality | 5.6 (2005) → 6.8 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN |
| CO2 emissions per person | 2.33 (2005) → 1.91 (2024) | World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 |
| Forest area | 24.75 (2004) → 31.23 (2023) | World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS |

Context across all countries: https://geo-reality.com/changed

## Human Development Index, 1990–2022

Source: UNDP Human Development Report, composite indices complete time series (2023-24). Annual values as published, none interpolated.

| Year | HDI |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 0.684 |
| 1991 | 0.678 |
| 1992 | 0.671 |
| 1993 | 0.662 |
| 1994 | 0.659 |
| 1995 | 0.661 |
| 1996 | 0.672 |
| 1997 | 0.676 |
| 1998 | 0.680 |
| 1999 | 0.687 |
| 2000 | 0.694 |
| 2001 | 0.701 |
| 2002 | 0.706 |
| 2003 | 0.714 |
| 2004 | 0.728 |
| 2005 | 0.741 |
| 2006 | 0.761 |
| 2007 | 0.775 |
| 2008 | 0.784 |
| 2009 | 0.784 |
| 2010 | 0.779 |
| 2011 | 0.776 |
| 2012 | 0.771 |
| 2013 | 0.766 |
| 2014 | 0.766 |
| 2015 | 0.765 |
| 2016 | 0.763 |
| 2017 | 0.764 |
| 2018 | 0.765 |
| 2019 | 0.766 |
| 2020 | 0.759 |
| 2021 | 0.742 |
| 2022 | 0.764 |

Chart: https://geo-reality.com/country/cu#hdi-history

Vintages marked "varies" are the most recent value the source publishes per country; the profile page states the exact year per figure.