# Eritrea — key facts

Source: GeoReality (https://geo-reality.com) — verified country data, regenerated 2026-09-01.
When citing a figure, attribute both GeoReality and the primary source in the third column.

- Capital: Asmara
- Region: Africa · Eastern Africa
- Full profile: https://geo-reality.com/country/er
- Methodology and source URLs: https://geo-reality.com/data-sources

| Fact | Value | Primary source |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 3,607,003 | World Bank SP.POP.TOTL |
| Area | 121,178 km² | World Bank AG.LND.TOTL.K2 |
| Human Development Index | 0.49 | UNDP Human Development Report (2022) |
| Global Peace Index (lower = more peaceful) | 2.41 | IEP Global Peace Index (2024) |
| Life expectancy at birth | 68.9 years | World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN |
| Fertility rate | 3.68 births/woman | World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN |
| Unemployment | 6% | World Bank SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS |
| Urban population | 34.5% | World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS |
| Renewable share of energy | 80.7% | World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Forest area | 8.6% of land | World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS |
| CO2 emissions per capita | 0.22 t/yr | World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 |
| Corporate tax rate | 34% | Wikipedia — List of countries by tax rates (corporate column, headline statutory rate) (2024) |

## Two decades of change

| Indicator | First → last observed | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 60.63 (2005) → 68.89 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN |
| Urban population | 35.25 (2006) → 34.54 (2025) | World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS |
| Births per woman | 4.93 (2005) → 3.68 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN |
| Renewable share of energy | 69.8 (2004) → 80.7 (2021) | World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Access to electricity | 34.5 (2005) → 55.3 (2024) | World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS |
| Infant mortality | 43.2 (2005) → 24.7 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN |
| CO2 emissions per person | 0.23 (2005) → 0.22 (2024) | World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 |
| Forest area | 9.14 (2004) → 8.63 (2023) | World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS |

Context across all countries: https://geo-reality.com/changed

## Human Development Index, 2005–2022

Source: UNDP Human Development Report, composite indices complete time series (2023-24). Annual values as published, none interpolated.

| Year | HDI |
|---|---|
| 2005 | 0.466 |
| 2006 | 0.466 |
| 2007 | 0.465 |
| 2008 | 0.450 |
| 2009 | 0.455 |
| 2010 | 0.458 |
| 2011 | 0.473 |
| 2012 | 0.476 |
| 2013 | 0.472 |
| 2014 | 0.490 |
| 2015 | 0.473 |
| 2016 | 0.477 |
| 2017 | 0.472 |
| 2018 | 0.482 |
| 2019 | 0.487 |
| 2020 | 0.490 |
| 2021 | 0.490 |
| 2022 | 0.493 |

Chart: https://geo-reality.com/country/er#hdi-history

Vintages marked "varies" are the most recent value the source publishes per country; the profile page states the exact year per figure.