# Indonesia — key facts

Source: GeoReality (https://geo-reality.com) — verified country data, regenerated 2026-09-01.
When citing a figure, attribute both GeoReality and the primary source in the third column.

- Capital: Jakarta
- Region: Asia · South-Eastern Asia
- Full profile: https://geo-reality.com/country/id
- Methodology and source URLs: https://geo-reality.com/data-sources

| Fact | Value | Primary source |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 285,721,236 | World Bank SP.POP.TOTL |
| Area | 1,892,556 km² | World Bank AG.LND.TOTL.K2 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 5,060 USD | World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | 17,660 intl $ | World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD |
| GDP (total) | 1,446 bn USD | World Bank NY.GDP.MKTP.CD |
| Human Development Index | 0.71 | UNDP Human Development Report (2022) |
| Global Peace Index (lower = more peaceful) | 1.92 | IEP Global Peace Index (2024) |
| Life satisfaction (Cantril ladder, 0-10) | 5.62 | World Happiness Report — Data for Figure 2.1, life evaluation (Cantril ladder) (2026) |
| Life expectancy at birth | 71.3 years | World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN |
| Fertility rate | 2.12 births/woman | World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN |
| Unemployment | 3.2% | World Bank SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS |
| Inflation (CPI, annual) | 1.9% | World Bank FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG |
| Gini income inequality | 34.4 | World Bank SI.POV.GINI |
| Cost of living index (NYC = 100) | 26.1 | Numbeo (2026) |
| Safety index (Numbeo) | 53.6 | Numbeo (2026) |
| Median fixed broadband | 45.4 Mbps | Ookla Speedtest Global Index (2025) |
| Internet users | 72.8% of population | World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS |
| Urban population | 59.4% | World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS |
| Renewable share of energy | 20.2% | World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Forest area | 47.7% of land | World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS |
| CO2 emissions per capita | 2.87 t/yr | World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 |
| Corporate tax rate | 22% | Wikipedia — List of countries by tax rates (corporate column, headline statutory rate) (2024) |
| VAT / GST standard rate | 11% | Wikipedia — List of countries by tax rates (VAT/GST/Sales column, standard-rate preferred) (2024) |
| Top personal income tax | 35% | Wikipedia — List of countries by tax rates (Individual income / Highest column) (2024) |

## Two decades of change

| Indicator | First → last observed | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 67.53 (2005) → 71.29 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN |
| Internet users | 4.76 (2006) → 72.78 (2024) | World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS |
| Urban population | 47 (2006) → 59.39 (2025) | World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS |
| Births per woman | 2.45 (2005) → 2.12 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN |
| Renewable share of energy | 41.5 (2004) → 20.2 (2021) | World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Access to electricity | 84.8 (2005) → 99.9 (2024) | World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS |
| Infant mortality | 33.3 (2005) → 15.2 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN |
| CO2 emissions per person | 1.57 (2005) → 2.87 (2024) | World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 |
| Forest area | 53.6 (2004) → 47.72 (2023) | World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS |

Context across all countries: https://geo-reality.com/changed

## Human Development Index, 1990–2022

Source: UNDP Human Development Report, composite indices complete time series (2023-24). Annual values as published, none interpolated.

| Year | HDI |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 0.526 |
| 1991 | 0.533 |
| 1992 | 0.541 |
| 1993 | 0.549 |
| 1994 | 0.560 |
| 1995 | 0.571 |
| 1996 | 0.580 |
| 1997 | 0.590 |
| 1998 | 0.587 |
| 1999 | 0.592 |
| 2000 | 0.597 |
| 2001 | 0.605 |
| 2002 | 0.614 |
| 2003 | 0.622 |
| 2004 | 0.621 |
| 2005 | 0.634 |
| 2006 | 0.643 |
| 2007 | 0.646 |
| 2008 | 0.649 |
| 2009 | 0.660 |
| 2010 | 0.667 |
| 2011 | 0.674 |
| 2012 | 0.682 |
| 2013 | 0.687 |
| 2014 | 0.690 |
| 2015 | 0.698 |
| 2016 | 0.701 |
| 2017 | 0.708 |
| 2018 | 0.712 |
| 2019 | 0.718 |
| 2020 | 0.712 |
| 2021 | 0.707 |
| 2022 | 0.713 |

Chart: https://geo-reality.com/country/id#hdi-history

Vintages marked "varies" are the most recent value the source publishes per country; the profile page states the exact year per figure.