# India — key facts

Source: GeoReality (https://geo-reality.com) — verified country data, regenerated 2026-09-01.
When citing a figure, attribute both GeoReality and the primary source in the third column.

- Capital: New Delhi
- Region: Asia · Southern Asia
- Full profile: https://geo-reality.com/country/in
- Methodology and source URLs: https://geo-reality.com/data-sources

| Fact | Value | Primary source |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1,463,865,525 | World Bank SP.POP.TOTL |
| Area | 2,973,190 km² | World Bank AG.LND.TOTL.K2 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 2,702 USD | World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | 11,748 intl $ | World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD |
| GDP (total) | 3,956 bn USD | World Bank NY.GDP.MKTP.CD |
| Human Development Index | 0.64 | UNDP Human Development Report (2022) |
| Global Peace Index (lower = more peaceful) | 2.41 | IEP Global Peace Index (2024) |
| Life satisfaction (Cantril ladder, 0-10) | 4.54 | World Happiness Report — Data for Figure 2.1, life evaluation (Cantril ladder) (2026) |
| Life expectancy at birth | 72.2 years | World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN |
| Fertility rate | 1.96 births/woman | World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN |
| Unemployment | 4.2% | World Bank SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS |
| Inflation (CPI, annual) | 2.4% | World Bank FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG |
| Gini income inequality | 25.5 | World Bank SI.POV.GINI |
| Cost of living index (NYC = 100) | 18.9 | Numbeo (2026) |
| Safety index (Numbeo) | 55.8 | Numbeo (2026) |
| Median fixed broadband | 61.66 Mbps | Ookla Speedtest Global Index (2025) |
| Internet users | 70% of population | World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS |
| Urban population | 35.7% | World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS |
| Renewable share of energy | 34.9% | World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Forest area | 24.5% of land | World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS |
| CO2 emissions per capita | 2.17 t/yr | World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 |
| Corporate tax rate | 22% | Wikipedia — List of countries by tax rates (corporate column, headline statutory rate) (2024) |
| VAT / GST standard rate | 18% | Wikipedia — List of countries by tax rates (VAT/GST/Sales column, standard-rate preferred) (2024) |
| Top personal income tax | 39% | Wikipedia — List of countries by tax rates (Individual income / Highest column) (2024) |

## Two decades of change

| Indicator | First → last observed | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 64.94 (2005) → 72.24 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN |
| Internet users | 2.81 (2006) → 70 (2025) | World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS |
| Urban population | 29.43 (2006) → 35.69 (2025) | World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS |
| Births per woman | 2.96 (2005) → 1.96 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN |
| Renewable share of energy | 44.9 (2004) → 34.9 (2021) | World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Access to electricity | 68.8 (2005) → 99.9 (2024) | World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS |
| Infant mortality | 56.5 (2005) → 23.3 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN |
| CO2 emissions per person | 1.05 (2005) → 2.17 (2024) | World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 |
| Forest area | 22.99 (2004) → 24.54 (2023) | World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS |

Context across all countries: https://geo-reality.com/changed

## Human Development Index, 1990–2022

Source: UNDP Human Development Report, composite indices complete time series (2023-24). Annual values as published, none interpolated.

| Year | HDI |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 0.434 |
| 1991 | 0.437 |
| 1992 | 0.442 |
| 1993 | 0.446 |
| 1994 | 0.452 |
| 1995 | 0.458 |
| 1996 | 0.465 |
| 1997 | 0.471 |
| 1998 | 0.477 |
| 1999 | 0.485 |
| 2000 | 0.490 |
| 2001 | 0.495 |
| 2002 | 0.501 |
| 2003 | 0.514 |
| 2004 | 0.523 |
| 2005 | 0.532 |
| 2006 | 0.541 |
| 2007 | 0.550 |
| 2008 | 0.557 |
| 2009 | 0.562 |
| 2010 | 0.572 |
| 2011 | 0.586 |
| 2012 | 0.594 |
| 2013 | 0.600 |
| 2014 | 0.611 |
| 2015 | 0.619 |
| 2016 | 0.630 |
| 2017 | 0.636 |
| 2018 | 0.636 |
| 2019 | 0.638 |
| 2020 | 0.638 |
| 2021 | 0.633 |
| 2022 | 0.644 |

Chart: https://geo-reality.com/country/in#hdi-history

Vintages marked "varies" are the most recent value the source publishes per country; the profile page states the exact year per figure.