# Madagascar — key facts

Source: GeoReality (https://geo-reality.com) — verified country data, regenerated 2026-09-01.
When citing a figure, attribute both GeoReality and the primary source in the third column.

- Capital: Antananarivo
- Region: Africa · Eastern Africa
- Full profile: https://geo-reality.com/country/mg
- Methodology and source URLs: https://geo-reality.com/data-sources

| Fact | Value | Primary source |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 32,740,678 | World Bank SP.POP.TOTL |
| Area | 581,800 km² | World Bank AG.LND.TOTL.K2 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 599 USD | World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | 1,952 intl $ | World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD |
| GDP (total) | 19.6 bn USD | World Bank NY.GDP.MKTP.CD |
| Human Development Index | 0.49 | UNDP Human Development Report (2022) |
| Global Peace Index (lower = more peaceful) | 1.85 | IEP Global Peace Index (2024) |
| Life satisfaction (Cantril ladder, 0-10) | 4.17 | World Happiness Report — Data for Figure 2.1, life evaluation (Cantril ladder) (2026) |
| Life expectancy at birth | 63.8 years | World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN |
| Fertility rate | 3.91 births/woman | World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN |
| Unemployment | 3% | World Bank SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS |
| Inflation (CPI, annual) | 8.1% | World Bank FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG |
| Gini income inequality | 36.8 | World Bank SI.POV.GINI |
| Cost of living index (NYC = 100) | 22.5 | Numbeo (2026) |
| Median fixed broadband | 34.38 Mbps | Ookla Speedtest Global Index (2025) |
| Internet users | 18.7% of population | World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS |
| Urban population | 32.9% | World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS |
| Renewable share of energy | 83.1% | World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Forest area | 21.3% of land | World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS |
| CO2 emissions per capita | 0.15 t/yr | World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 |
| Corporate tax rate | 20% | Wikipedia — List of countries by tax rates (corporate column, headline statutory rate) (2024) |

## Two decades of change

| Indicator | First → last observed | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 60.66 (2005) → 63.84 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN |
| Internet users | 0.61 (2006) → 18.68 (2024) | World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS |
| Urban population | 26.76 (2006) → 32.9 (2025) | World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS |
| Births per woman | 5.2 (2005) → 3.91 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN |
| Renewable share of energy | 84.3 (2004) → 83.1 (2022) | World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Access to electricity | 16 (2005) → 42.5 (2024) | World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS |
| Infant mortality | 54.1 (2005) → 43 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN |
| CO2 emissions per person | 0.09 (2005) → 0.15 (2024) | World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 |
| Forest area | 22.08 (2004) → 21.3 (2023) | World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS |

Context across all countries: https://geo-reality.com/changed

## Human Development Index, 1999–2022

Source: UNDP Human Development Report, composite indices complete time series (2023-24). Annual values as published, none interpolated.

| Year | HDI |
|---|---|
| 1999 | 0.431 |
| 2000 | 0.438 |
| 2001 | 0.445 |
| 2002 | 0.442 |
| 2003 | 0.451 |
| 2004 | 0.459 |
| 2005 | 0.464 |
| 2006 | 0.469 |
| 2007 | 0.477 |
| 2008 | 0.485 |
| 2009 | 0.488 |
| 2010 | 0.488 |
| 2011 | 0.490 |
| 2012 | 0.492 |
| 2013 | 0.494 |
| 2014 | 0.497 |
| 2015 | 0.499 |
| 2016 | 0.501 |
| 2017 | 0.502 |
| 2018 | 0.502 |
| 2019 | 0.498 |
| 2020 | 0.486 |
| 2021 | 0.484 |
| 2022 | 0.487 |

Chart: https://geo-reality.com/country/mg#hdi-history

Vintages marked "varies" are the most recent value the source publishes per country; the profile page states the exact year per figure.