# Mali — key facts

Source: GeoReality (https://geo-reality.com) — verified country data, regenerated 2026-09-01.
When citing a figure, attribute both GeoReality and the primary source in the third column.

- Capital: Bamako
- Region: Africa · Western Africa
- Full profile: https://geo-reality.com/country/ml
- Methodology and source URLs: https://geo-reality.com/data-sources

| Fact | Value | Primary source |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 25,198,821 | World Bank SP.POP.TOTL |
| Area | 1,220,190 km² | World Bank AG.LND.TOTL.K2 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 1,193 USD | World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | 3,503 intl $ | World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD |
| GDP (total) | 30.1 bn USD | World Bank NY.GDP.MKTP.CD |
| Human Development Index | 0.41 | UNDP Human Development Report (2022) |
| Global Peace Index (lower = more peaceful) | 3 | IEP Global Peace Index (2024) |
| Life satisfaction (Cantril ladder, 0-10) | 4.59 | World Happiness Report — Data for Figure 2.1, life evaluation (Cantril ladder) (2026) |
| Life expectancy at birth | 60.7 years | World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN |
| Fertility rate | 5.51 births/woman | World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN |
| Unemployment | 2.8% | World Bank SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS |
| Inflation (CPI, annual) | 3.3% | World Bank FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG |
| Gini income inequality | 35.7 | World Bank SI.POV.GINI |
| Median fixed broadband | 23.72 Mbps | Ookla Speedtest Global Index (2025) |
| Internet users | 36.8% of population | World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS |
| Urban population | 32.2% | World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS |
| Renewable share of energy | 71.1% | World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Forest area | 10.9% of land | World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS |
| CO2 emissions per capita | 0.3 t/yr | World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 |
| Corporate tax rate | 30% | Wikipedia — List of countries by tax rates (corporate column, headline statutory rate) (2024) |

## Two decades of change

| Indicator | First → last observed | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 53.79 (2005) → 60.68 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN |
| Internet users | 0.73 (2006) → 36.8 (2024) | World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS |
| Urban population | 21.3 (2006) → 32.21 (2025) | World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS |
| Births per woman | 6.71 (2005) → 5.51 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN |
| Renewable share of energy | 81.5 (2004) → 71.1 (2022) | World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Access to electricity | 18.2 (2005) → 49.5 (2024) | World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS |
| Infant mortality | 88.3 (2005) → 47.5 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN |
| CO2 emissions per person | 0.07 (2005) → 0.3 (2024) | World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 |
| Forest area | 10.9 (2004) → 10.9 (2023) | World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS |

Context across all countries: https://geo-reality.com/changed

## Human Development Index, 1990–2022

Source: UNDP Human Development Report, composite indices complete time series (2023-24). Annual values as published, none interpolated.

| Year | HDI |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 0.236 |
| 1991 | 0.244 |
| 1992 | 0.248 |
| 1993 | 0.255 |
| 1994 | 0.262 |
| 1995 | 0.268 |
| 1996 | 0.275 |
| 1997 | 0.286 |
| 1998 | 0.297 |
| 1999 | 0.308 |
| 2000 | 0.315 |
| 2001 | 0.327 |
| 2002 | 0.336 |
| 2003 | 0.348 |
| 2004 | 0.355 |
| 2005 | 0.364 |
| 2006 | 0.373 |
| 2007 | 0.381 |
| 2008 | 0.390 |
| 2009 | 0.398 |
| 2010 | 0.406 |
| 2011 | 0.411 |
| 2012 | 0.407 |
| 2013 | 0.404 |
| 2014 | 0.410 |
| 2015 | 0.409 |
| 2016 | 0.407 |
| 2017 | 0.413 |
| 2018 | 0.417 |
| 2019 | 0.421 |
| 2020 | 0.407 |
| 2021 | 0.408 |
| 2022 | 0.410 |

Chart: https://geo-reality.com/country/ml#hdi-history

Vintages marked "varies" are the most recent value the source publishes per country; the profile page states the exact year per figure.