# Nicaragua — key facts

Source: GeoReality (https://geo-reality.com) — verified country data, regenerated 2026-09-01.
When citing a figure, attribute both GeoReality and the primary source in the third column.

- Capital: Managua
- Region: North America · Central America
- Full profile: https://geo-reality.com/country/ni
- Methodology and source URLs: https://geo-reality.com/data-sources

| Fact | Value | Primary source |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 7,007,502 | World Bank SP.POP.TOTL |
| Area | 120,340 km² | World Bank AG.LND.TOTL.K2 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 3,173 USD | World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | 9,284 intl $ | World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD |
| GDP (total) | 22.2 bn USD | World Bank NY.GDP.MKTP.CD |
| Human Development Index | 0.67 | UNDP Human Development Report (2022) |
| Global Peace Index (lower = more peaceful) | 2.11 | IEP Global Peace Index (2024) |
| Life satisfaction (Cantril ladder, 0-10) | 6.3 | World Happiness Report — Data for Figure 2.1, life evaluation (Cantril ladder) (2026) |
| Life expectancy at birth | 75.1 years | World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN |
| Fertility rate | 2.21 births/woman | World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN |
| Unemployment | 5% | World Bank SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS |
| Inflation (CPI, annual) | 2.1% | World Bank FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG |
| Cost of living index (NYC = 100) | 34.2 | Numbeo (2026) |
| Safety index (Numbeo) | 49.2 | Numbeo (2026) |
| Median fixed broadband | 94.67 Mbps | Ookla Speedtest Global Index (2025) |
| Internet users | 61.4% of population | World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS |
| Urban population | 59.4% | World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS |
| Renewable share of energy | 50.4% | World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Forest area | 25.8% of land | World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS |
| CO2 emissions per capita | 0.83 t/yr | World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 |
| Corporate tax rate | 30% | Wikipedia — List of countries by tax rates (corporate column, headline statutory rate) (2024) |

## Two decades of change

| Indicator | First → last observed | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 70.37 (2005) → 75.1 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN |
| Internet users | 2.81 (2006) → 61.4 (2024) | World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS |
| Urban population | 56.11 (2006) → 59.44 (2025) | World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS |
| Births per woman | 2.77 (2005) → 2.21 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN |
| Renewable share of energy | 51.2 (2004) → 50.4 (2021) | World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Access to electricity | 73.8 (2005) → 88.7 (2024) | World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS |
| Infant mortality | 25.5 (2005) → 9.4 (2024) | World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN |
| CO2 emissions per person | 0.83 (2005) → 0.83 (2024) | World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5 |
| Forest area | 40.84 (2004) → 25.82 (2023) | World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS |

Context across all countries: https://geo-reality.com/changed

## Human Development Index, 1990–2022

Source: UNDP Human Development Report, composite indices complete time series (2023-24). Annual values as published, none interpolated.

| Year | HDI |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 0.487 |
| 1991 | 0.497 |
| 1992 | 0.502 |
| 1993 | 0.505 |
| 1994 | 0.511 |
| 1995 | 0.520 |
| 1996 | 0.530 |
| 1997 | 0.539 |
| 1998 | 0.541 |
| 1999 | 0.556 |
| 2000 | 0.563 |
| 2001 | 0.568 |
| 2002 | 0.573 |
| 2003 | 0.575 |
| 2004 | 0.580 |
| 2005 | 0.585 |
| 2006 | 0.590 |
| 2007 | 0.596 |
| 2008 | 0.602 |
| 2009 | 0.603 |
| 2010 | 0.611 |
| 2011 | 0.619 |
| 2012 | 0.625 |
| 2013 | 0.631 |
| 2014 | 0.638 |
| 2015 | 0.644 |
| 2016 | 0.650 |
| 2017 | 0.656 |
| 2018 | 0.658 |
| 2019 | 0.661 |
| 2020 | 0.652 |
| 2021 | 0.665 |
| 2022 | 0.669 |

Chart: https://geo-reality.com/country/ni#hdi-history

Vintages marked "varies" are the most recent value the source publishes per country; the profile page states the exact year per figure.