Saudi Arabia, year by year

Every index this site holds for Saudi Arabia, in time order: 12 series across 1990–2025, each value as its source published it. The profile shows the latest snapshot; this is the record behind it.

HDI since 1990

Human development rose from 0.670 in 1990 to 0.900 in 2023.

UNDP Human Development Report, 2025 edition. 34 annual values, none interpolated.

Twenty years here

The world report

Life expectancy at birth: 79 years2024at birthUp 4.6 years from 74.4 years in 2005
Internet users: 100%2024of people onlineUp 81 points from 19% in 2006
Urban population: 85%2025of people in towns and citiesUp 3 points from 81% in 2006
Births per woman: 2.312024births per womanDown 0.85 from 3.16 in 2005
Renewable share of energy: 0%2021of energy usedLevel with 2004
Access to electricity: 100%2024of people with electricityLevel with 2005
Infant mortality: 52024deaths before age one, per 1,000 birthsDown 10 from 15 in 2005
CO2 emissions per person: 18.5 t2024of CO2 per person a yearUp 1.6 t from 16.9 t in 2005
Forest area: 0%2023of land under forestLevel with 2004

World Bank, from the first to the last observed year of each indicator; each has its own window.

All indexes, 1990–2025

36 years · 12 series · 2 values marked for checking

Year	HDI0–1	Life expectancy at birthyears	Internet users% of people	Urban population% of people	Births per womanbirths	Renewable share of energy% of energy	Access to electricity% of people	Infant mortalityper 1,000 births	CO2 emissions per persont/year	Forest area% of land	GDP per capitaUS$	GDP per capita, PPPintl $
1990	0.670	68.9	—	—	5.80	0.0	100	41	16.3	0.5	—	—
1991	0.681	69.3	—	77.6	5.64	0.0	100	38	15.9	0.5	—	—
1992	0.688	69.8	—	78.0	5.49	0.0	100	35	16.3	0.5	—	—
1993	0.693	70.2	—	78.3	5.33	0.0	100	32	16.5	0.5	—	—
1994	0.699	70.6	—	78.7	5.16	0.0	100	30	17.2	0.5	—	—
1995	0.705	70.9	0.0	78.9	4.99	0.0	100	28	16.3	0.5	—	—
1996	0.711	71.3	0.0	79.2	4.81	0.0	100	26	16.7	0.5	—	—
1997	0.718	71.6	0.1	79.4	4.66	0.0	100	24	16.2	0.5	—	—
1998	0.725	72.0	0.1	79.6	4.52	0.0	100	23	16.7	0.5	—	—
1999	0.729	72.3	0.5	79.8	4.35	0.0	100	21	16.4	0.5	—	—
2000	0.737	72.6	2.2	80.0	4.21	0.0	100	20	16.4	0.5	—	—
2001	0.744	73.0	4.7	80.2	3.96	0.0	100	19	16.2	0.5	—	—
2002	0.750	73.3	6.4	80.3	3.71	0.0	100	18	16.4	0.5	—	—
2003	0.762	73.7	8.0	80.5	3.47	0.0	100	16	16.4	0.5	—	—
2004	0.773	74.0	10.2	80.8	3.26	0.0	100	15	16.6	0.5	—	—
2005	0.782	74.4	12.7	81.0	3.16	0.0	100	15	16.9	0.5	—	—
2006	0.785	74.8	19.5	81.2	3.18	0.0	100	14	17.1	0.5	17564	54639
2007	0.786	75.1	30.0	81.4	3.19	0.0	100	13	17.3	0.5	18596	55030
2008	0.792	75.3	36.0	81.6	3.07	0.0	100	12	18.1	0.5	22320	57236
2009	0.794	75.5	38.0	81.9	2.95	0.0	100	11	18.3	0.5	17718	54787
2010	0.801	75.6	41.0	82.1	2.81	0.0	100	10	20.3	0.5	22028	58829
2011	0.811	75.8	47.5	82.3	2.80	0.0	100	10	20.3	0.5	27127	64125
2012	0.819	76.1	54.0	82.4	2.78	0.0	100	9	20.6	0.5	28733	65034
2013	0.827	76.5	60.5	82.6	2.67	0.0	100	8	19.8	0.5	27865	62203
2014	0.841	77.1	64.7	82.8	2.68	0.0	100	8	20.7	0.5	27805	62578
2015	0.851	77.8	69.6	83.0	2.63	0.0	100	7	20.5	0.5	23256	53931
2016	0.860	78.3	74.9	83.1	2.65	0.0	100	7	19.7	0.5	22268	49937
2017	0.869	78.7	94.2	83.3	2.67	0.0	100	6	19.5	0.5	23929	53120
2018	0.875	78.8	93.3	83.5	2.67	0.0	100	6	19.2	0.5	29360	59378
2019	0.878	78.3	95.7	83.6	2.49	0.0	100	6	19.3	0.5	29567	59560
2020	0.875	77.6	97.9	83.8	2.27	0.1	100	5	18.3	0.5	24339	47518
2021	0.878	77.1	100.0	84.0	2.17	0.1	100	5	19.2	0.5	31921	62690
2022	0.893	77.3	100.0	84.1	2.14	—	100	5	19.3	0.5	38510	71957
2023	0.900	78.7	100.0	84.3	2.28	—	100	5	18.9	0.5	36157	71624
2024	—	79.0	100.0	84.5	2.31	—	100	5	18.5	—	35528	71936
2025	—	—	—	84.6	—	—	—	—	—	—	34537	73784
On the profile	0.900	79.0	100.0	84.6	2.31	0.1	—	—	18.5	0.5	34537	73784

Sources: HDI: UNDP HDR 2025; Life expectancy at birth: World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN; Internet users: World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS; Urban population: World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS; Births per woman: World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN; Renewable share of energy: World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS; Access to electricity: World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS; Infant mortality: World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN; CO2 emissions per person: World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5; Forest area: World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS; GDP per capita: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD; GDP per capita, PPP: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD. Profile snapshot from the site dataset regenerated 2026-10-04. Observed years only.

A dotted value moved sharply against the previous observed value in its series, which is the usual signature of a series break or a source revision; it is a prompt to check, not a judgement. The last row, On the profile, is the figure the country profile shows today, set under its series so the two can be checked against each other. ≠ marks a difference of more than 2%: none on this page.

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