Turkey, year by year

Every index this site holds for Turkey, in time order: 12 series across 1990–2025, each value as its source published it. The profile shows the latest snapshot; this is the record behind it.

HDI since 1990

Human development rose from 0.598 in 1990 to 0.853 in 2023.

UNDP Human Development Report, 2025 edition. 34 annual values, none interpolated.

Twenty years here

The world report

Life expectancy at birth: 77.4 years2024at birthUp 3.9 years from 73.5 years in 2005
Internet users: 90%2025of people onlineUp 72 points from 18% in 2006
Urban population: 89%2025of people in towns and citiesUp 25 points from 64% in 2006
Births per woman: 1.482024births per womanDown 0.72 from 2.20 in 2005
Renewable share of energy: 12%2021of energy usedDown 5 points from 17% in 2004
Access to electricity: 100%2024of people with electricityLevel with 2005
Infant mortality: 82024deaths before age one, per 1,000 birthsDown 13 from 21 in 2005
CO2 emissions per person: 5.4 t2024of CO2 per person a yearUp 1.8 t from 3.5 t in 2005
Forest area: 29%2023of land under forestUp 3 points from 27% in 2004

World Bank, from the first to the last observed year of each indicator; each has its own window.

All indexes, 1990–2025

36 years · 12 series · 3 values marked for checking

Year	HDI0–1	Life expectancy at birthyears	Internet users% of people	Urban population% of people	Births per womanbirths	Renewable share of energy% of energy	Access to electricity% of people	Infant mortalityper 1,000 births	CO2 emissions per persont/year	Forest area% of land	GDP per capitaUS$	GDP per capita, PPPintl $
1990	0.598	67.8	—	—	3.11	24.4	—	61	2.8	25.7	—	—
1991	0.602	68.3	—	52.0	3.00	24.0	—	57	2.7	25.8	—	—
1992	0.608	68.6	—	52.8	2.94	24.0	—	54	2.7	25.8	—	—
1993	0.615	69.0	0.0	53.6	2.92	23.6	—	50	2.8	25.9	—	—
1994	0.616	69.4	0.1	54.3	2.87	24.0	—	47	2.7	25.9	—	—
1995	0.623	69.7	0.1	55.1	2.84	21.9	—	44	2.9	25.9	—	—
1996	0.630	70.3	0.2	55.8	2.78	21.0	—	41	3.1	26.0	—	—
1997	0.638	70.7	0.5	56.5	2.74	20.7	—	38	3.3	26.0	—	—
1998	0.649	71.1	0.7	57.3	2.71	21.5	—	36	3.2	26.1	—	—
1999	0.652	70.8	2.3	58.1	2.63	20.5	—	33	3.2	26.1	—	—
2000	0.669	71.9	3.8	59.0	2.49	17.3	100	31	3.5	26.2	—	—
2001	0.675	72.3	5.2	59.9	2.39	18.1	100	29	3.1	26.3	—	—
2002	0.685	72.6	11.4	60.7	2.27	17.5	100	26	3.2	26.4	—	—
2003	0.691	72.9	12.3	61.6	2.20	16.3	100	24	3.4	26.5	—	—
2004	0.696	73.2	14.6	62.4	2.20	16.8	100	23	3.4	26.7	—	—
2005	0.701	73.5	15.5	63.3	2.20	15.3	100	21	3.5	26.8	—	—
2006	0.711	73.8	18.2	64.3	2.19	14.2	100	19	3.9	26.9	7990	13558
2007	0.719	74.1	28.6	65.3	2.16	12.5	100	18	4.3	27.0	9767	14952
2008	0.721	74.4	34.4	66.5	2.15	12.5	100	17	4.2	27.1	10913	16142
2009	0.728	74.7	36.4	67.8	2.10	13.1	100	16	4.2	27.3	9077	15552
2010	0.750	75.0	39.8	69.3	2.08	14.2	100	15	4.3	27.4	10699	17468
2011	0.764	74.8	43.1	71.0	2.05	12.7	100	14	4.5	27.5	11374	19717
2012	0.772	75.5	45.1	73.8	2.11	13.0	100	13	4.6	27.7	11777	20739
2013	0.802	76.2	46.3	78.5	2.11	13.8	100	12	4.4	27.8	12636	22475
2014	0.813	76.5	51.0	83.6	2.19	11.5	100	12	4.6	28.0	12209	24193
2015	0.821	76.5	53.7	87.2	2.16	13.3	100	11	4.7	28.1	11065	25897
2016	0.826	76.6	58.4	88.1	2.11	13.2	100	11	4.9	28.1	10984	26731
2017	0.833	77.0	64.7	88.0	2.08	11.4	100	10	5.4	28.3	10756	28354
2018	0.838	77.5	71.0	88.2	2.00	11.8	100	10	5.3	28.5	9684	28640
2019	0.841	77.7	74.0	88.7	1.89	14.1	100	9	5.0	28.7	9395	29016
2020	0.838	76.5	77.7	88.9	1.77	13.7	100	9	5.1	28.9	8798	29209
2021	0.841	75.7	81.4	89.2	1.71	12.0	100	9	5.5	29.1	9982	32106
2022	0.853	77.6	83.4	89.0	1.63	—	100	9	5.2	29.3	10898	39919
2023	0.853	77.2	86.0	89.0	1.51	—	100	10	5.2	29.5	13375	43196
2024	—	77.4	87.3	89.3	1.48	—	100	8	5.4	—	15893	45123
2025	—	—	89.8	89.5	—	—	—	—	—	—	18599	45288
On the profile	0.853	77.4	89.8	89.5	1.48	12.0	—	—	5.4	29.5	18599	45288

Sources: HDI: UNDP HDR 2025; Life expectancy at birth: World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN; Internet users: World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS; Urban population: World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS; Births per woman: World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN; Renewable share of energy: World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS; Access to electricity: World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS; Infant mortality: World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN; CO2 emissions per person: World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5; Forest area: World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS; GDP per capita: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD; GDP per capita, PPP: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD. Profile snapshot from the site dataset regenerated 2026-10-04. Observed years only.

A dotted value moved sharply against the previous observed value in its series, which is the usual signature of a series break or a source revision; it is a prompt to check, not a judgement. The last row, On the profile, is the figure the country profile shows today, set under its series so the two can be checked against each other. ≠ marks a difference of more than 2%: none on this page.

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