Cuba, year by year

Every index this site holds for Cuba, in time order: 11 series across 1990–2025, each value as its source published it. The profile shows the latest snapshot; this is the record behind it.

HDI since 1990

Human development rose from 0.687 in 1990 to 0.762 in 2023.

UNDP Human Development Report, 2025 edition. 34 annual values, none interpolated.

Twenty years here

The world report

Life expectancy at birth: 78.3 years2024at birthUp 0.7 years from 77.5 years in 2005
Internet users: 70%2024of people onlineUp 59 points from 11% in 2006
Urban population: 77%2025of people in towns and citiesUp 1 point from 76% in 2006
Births per woman: 1.452024births per womanDown 0.04 from 1.49 in 2005
Renewable share of energy: 21%2021of energy usedDown 13 points from 34% in 2004
Access to electricity: 100%2024of people with electricityUp 3 points from 97% in 2005
Infant mortality: 72024deaths before age one, per 1,000 birthsUp 1 from 6 in 2005
CO2 emissions per person: 1.9 t2024of CO2 per person a yearDown 0.4 t from 2.3 t in 2005
Forest area: 31%2023of land under forestUp 6 points from 25% in 2004

World Bank, from the first to the last observed year of each indicator; each has its own window.

All indexes, 1990–2025

36 years · 11 series · 2 values marked for checking

Year	HDI0–1	Life expectancy at birthyears	Internet users% of people	Urban population% of people	Births per womanbirths	Renewable share of energy% of energy	Access to electricity% of people	Infant mortalityper 1,000 births	CO2 emissions per persont/year	Forest area% of land	GDP per capitaUS$
1990	0.687	73.8	—	—	1.81	42.9	—	11	3.6	19.2	—
1991	0.681	73.8	—	74.1	1.66	47.2	—	10	2.8	19.5	—
1992	0.674	73.8	—	74.4	1.56	51.3	—	10	2.2	19.9	—
1993	0.665	73.9	—	74.5	1.49	46.9	—	9	2.0	20.2	—
1994	0.662	74.1	—	74.5	1.47	45.8	—	9	2.1	20.6	—
1995	0.664	74.3	0.0	74.6	1.48	41.3	—	9	2.2	20.9	—
1996	0.675	74.7	0.0	74.8	1.46	41.4	—	8	2.4	21.3	—
1997	0.679	75.1	0.1	75.1	1.59	36.8	—	8	2.6	21.6	—
1998	0.683	75.4	0.2	75.3	1.62	34.8	—	7	2.5	22.0	—
1999	0.690	75.7	0.3	75.4	1.64	33.7	—	7	2.6	22.3	—
2000	0.697	75.9	0.5	75.6	1.61	34.4	97	7	2.6	22.7	—
2001	0.705	76.4	1.1	75.9	1.60	34.0	96	7	2.5	23.1	—
2002	0.711	76.8	3.8	75.8	1.65	34.8	96	6	2.4	23.8	—
2003	0.721	77.4	5.2	75.9	1.63	33.6	97	6	2.3	24.3	—
2004	0.734	77.3	8.4	75.9	1.55	33.8	97	6	2.3	24.8	—
2005	0.747	77.5	9.7	76.0	1.49	26.3	97	6	2.3	25.2	—
2006	0.766	77.4	11.2	76.1	1.40	22.0	97	5	2.4	25.7	4330
2007	0.780	77.5	11.7	76.2	1.44	18.6	97	5	2.5	26.1	4807
2008	0.788	77.6	12.9	76.4	1.58	18.7	97	5	2.4	26.6	4986
2009	0.788	77.6	14.3	76.5	1.68	19.0	98	5	2.4	27.1	5089
2010	0.783	77.9	15.9	76.6	1.67	15.6	98	5	2.5	27.6	5272
2011	0.781	78.0	16.0	76.7	1.73	19.2	98	5	2.5	27.9	6104
2012	0.777	78.2	21.2	76.8	1.67	19.4	98	5	2.6	28.4	6471
2013	0.771	78.0	27.9	76.8	1.68	18.2	99	5	2.6	29.6	6828
2014	0.770	77.8	29.1	76.8	1.66	23.2	99	5	2.4	30.1	7147
2015	0.769	77.8	37.3	76.9	1.69	21.1	99	5	2.6	30.6	7728
2016	0.767	77.6	43.0	76.9	1.60	19.2	99	5	2.4	31.1	8111
2017	0.767	77.3	57.1	77.0	1.59	22.0	99	5	2.4	31.2	8611
2018	0.769	77.4	62.7	77.0	1.61	24.0	100	5	2.4	31.2	8911
2019	0.769	77.4	68.0	77.1	1.54	23.1	100	5	2.0	31.2	9232
2020	0.762	77.4	71.1	77.1	1.49	24.5	100	6	1.6	31.2	9605
2021	0.745	73.2	67.6	77.1	1.43	20.9	100	6	2.0	31.2	—
2022	0.764	77.6	67.9	77.1	1.41	—	100	6	1.8	31.2	—
2023	0.762	78.1	69.6	77.1	1.44	—	100	7	1.8	31.2	—
2024	—	78.3	70.5	77.2	1.45	—	100	7	1.9	—	—
2025	—	—	—	77.2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
On the profile	0.762	78.3	70.5	77.2	1.45	20.9	—	—	1.9	31.2	—

Sources: HDI: UNDP HDR 2025; Life expectancy at birth: World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN; Internet users: World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS; Urban population: World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS; Births per woman: World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN; Renewable share of energy: World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS; Access to electricity: World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS; Infant mortality: World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN; CO2 emissions per person: World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5; Forest area: World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS; GDP per capita: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Profile snapshot from the site dataset regenerated 2026-10-04. Observed years only.

A dotted value moved sharply against the previous observed value in its series, which is the usual signature of a series break or a source revision; it is a prompt to check, not a judgement. The last row, On the profile, is the figure the country profile shows today, set under its series so the two can be checked against each other. ≠ marks a difference of more than 2%: none on this page.

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