India, year by year

Every index this site holds for India, in time order: 12 series across 1990–2025, each value as its source published it. The profile shows the latest snapshot; this is the record behind it.

HDI since 1990

Human development rose from 0.446 in 1990 to 0.685 in 2023.

UNDP Human Development Report, 2025 edition. 34 annual values, none interpolated.

Twenty years here

The world report

Life expectancy at birth: 72.2 years2024at birthUp 7.3 years from 64.9 years in 2005
Internet users: 70%2025of people onlineUp 67 points from 3% in 2006
Urban population: 36%2025of people in towns and citiesUp 6 points from 29% in 2006
Births per woman: 1.962024births per womanDown 1 from 2.96 in 2005
Renewable share of energy: 35%2021of energy usedDown 10 points from 45% in 2004
Access to electricity: 100%2024of people with electricityUp 31 points from 69% in 2005
Infant mortality: 232024deaths before age one, per 1,000 birthsDown 33 from 57 in 2005
CO2 emissions per person: 2.2 t2024of CO2 per person a yearUp 1.1 t from 1.1 t in 2005
Forest area: 25%2023of land under forestUp 2 points from 23% in 2004

World Bank, from the first to the last observed year of each indicator; each has its own window.

All indexes, 1990–2025

36 years · 12 series · 4 values marked for checking

Year	HDI0–1	Life expectancy at birthyears	Internet users% of people	Urban population% of people	Births per womanbirths	Renewable share of energy% of energy	Access to electricity% of people	Infant mortalityper 1,000 births	CO2 emissions per persont/year	Forest area% of land	GDP per capitaUS$	GDP per capita, PPPintl $
1990	0.446	58.6	—	—	4.05	53.0	—	84	0.7	21.5	—	—
1991	0.448	59.0	—	25.8	3.96	52.0	—	83	0.7	21.6	—	—
1992	0.453	59.5	0.0	26.0	3.88	51.5	—	81	0.7	21.8	—	—
1993	0.458	59.8	0.0	26.2	3.80	51.5	51	79	0.8	21.9	—	—
1994	0.463	60.2	0.0	26.4	3.72	50.5	50	77	0.8	22.0	—	—
1995	0.469	60.6	0.0	26.6	3.65	49.5	51	76	0.8	22.1	—	—
1996	0.476	61.0	0.1	26.8	3.58	49.1	53	74	0.8	22.2	—	—
1997	0.482	61.4	0.1	27.0	3.51	47.9	55	72	0.9	22.4	—	—
1998	0.488	61.9	0.1	27.2	3.45	48.0	56	70	0.9	22.5	—	—
1999	0.496	62.3	0.3	27.4	3.38	47.1	60	68	0.9	22.6	—	—
2000	0.501	62.8	0.5	27.6	3.35	46.9	60	66	0.9	22.7	—	—
2001	0.511	63.2	0.7	27.9	3.30	47.1	62	64	0.9	22.8	—	—
2002	0.516	63.6	1.5	28.2	3.22	45.8	62	62	1.0	22.9	—	—
2003	0.529	64.1	1.7	28.5	3.12	45.6	65	60	1.0	22.9	—	—
2004	0.538	64.5	2.0	28.8	3.05	44.9	64	59	1.0	23.0	—	—
2005	0.547	64.9	2.4	29.1	2.96	44.2	69	57	1.1	23.1	—	—
2006	0.557	65.4	2.8	29.4	2.87	43.2	68	55	1.1	23.1	802	3128
2007	0.566	65.8	4.0	29.8	2.78	41.5	72	53	1.2	23.2	1022	3407
2008	0.574	66.3	4.4	30.1	2.71	39.4	74	51	1.3	23.3	993	3529
2009	0.579	66.7	5.1	30.5	2.67	37.4	75	48	1.3	23.3	1095	3775
2010	0.590	67.2	7.5	30.9	2.60	36.2	76	46	1.4	23.4	1348	4086
2011	0.603	67.6	10.1	31.3	2.53	35.0	80	44	1.5	23.5	1445	4327
2012	0.609	68.1	11.1	31.6	2.47	34.8	80	42	1.6	23.6	1429	4681
2013	0.615	68.5	12.3	31.9	2.40	34.9	83	40	1.6	23.6	1433	4870
2014	0.625	68.9	13.5	32.2	2.29	33.9	85	38	1.7	23.7	1554	5042
2015	0.633	69.3	14.9	32.5	2.29	33.4	88	36	1.7	23.8	1584	5269
2016	0.644	69.7	16.5	32.9	2.28	33.0	90	35	1.7	23.9	1708	5634
2017	0.649	70.1	18.2	33.2	2.19	32.5	92	33	1.8	24.0	1950	5968
2018	0.648	70.4	20.1	33.5	2.18	32.9	96	31	1.9	24.1	1966	6522
2019	0.651	70.8	29.5	33.8	2.12	33.5	96	30	1.8	24.2	2041	6945
2020	0.652	70.2	43.4	34.1	2.05	36.1	97	28	1.7	24.3	1907	6766
2021	0.647	67.3	49.3	34.4	2.01	34.9	100	27	1.8	24.4	2240	7819
2022	0.676	71.7	55.9	34.8	1.99	—	99	26	2.0	24.4	2280	8941
2023	0.685	72.0	60.3	35.1	1.98	—	100	25	2.1	24.5	2434	9853
2024	—	72.2	64.9	35.4	1.96	—	100	23	2.2	—	2592	10719
2025	—	—	70.0	35.7	—	—	—	—	—	—	2702	11748
On the profile	0.685	72.2	70.0	35.7	1.96	34.9	—	—	2.2	24.5	2702	11748

Sources: HDI: UNDP HDR 2025; Life expectancy at birth: World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN; Internet users: World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS; Urban population: World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS; Births per woman: World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN; Renewable share of energy: World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS; Access to electricity: World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS; Infant mortality: World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN; CO2 emissions per person: World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5; Forest area: World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS; GDP per capita: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD; GDP per capita, PPP: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD. Profile snapshot from the site dataset regenerated 2026-10-04. Observed years only.

A dotted value moved sharply against the previous observed value in its series, which is the usual signature of a series break or a source revision; it is a prompt to check, not a judgement. The last row, On the profile, is the figure the country profile shows today, set under its series so the two can be checked against each other. ≠ marks a difference of more than 2%: none on this page.

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