Italy, year by year

Every index this site holds for Italy, in time order: 12 series across 1990–2025, each value as its source published it. The profile shows the latest snapshot; this is the record behind it.

HDI since 1990

Human development rose from 0.787 in 1990 to 0.915 in 2023.

UNDP Human Development Report, 2025 edition. 34 annual values, none interpolated.

Twenty years here

The world report

Life expectancy at birth: 84 years2024at birthUp 3.2 years from 80.8 years in 2005
Internet users: 89%2024of people onlineUp 51 points from 38% in 2006
Urban population: 70%2025of people in towns and citiesUp 2 points from 68% in 2006
Births per woman: 1.182024births per womanDown 0.15 from 1.33 in 2005
Renewable share of energy: 18%2021of energy usedUp 12 points from 6% in 2004
Access to electricity: 100%2024of people with electricityLevel with 2005
Infant mortality: 22024deaths before age one, per 1,000 birthsDown 2 from 4 in 2005
CO2 emissions per person: 5.1 t2024of CO2 per person a yearDown 3.4 t from 8.5 t in 2005
Forest area: 33%2023of land under forestUp 4 points from 29% in 2004

World Bank, from the first to the last observed year of each indicator; each has its own window.

All indexes, 1990–2025

36 years · 12 series

Year	HDI0–1	Life expectancy at birthyears	Internet users% of people	Urban population% of people	Births per womanbirths	Renewable share of energy% of energy	Access to electricity% of people	Infant mortalityper 1,000 births	CO2 emissions per persont/year	Forest area% of land	GDP per capitaUS$	GDP per capita, PPPintl $
1990	0.787	77.0	—	—	1.33	3.8	100	8	7.5	25.8	—	—
1991	0.792	77.0	0.0	66.7	1.30	4.7	100	8	7.5	26.1	—	—
1992	0.800	77.4	0.1	66.7	1.30	4.8	100	8	7.5	26.3	—	—
1993	0.806	77.7	0.1	66.7	1.25	4.8	100	7	7.3	26.6	—	—
1994	0.816	77.9	0.2	66.8	1.21	5.2	100	7	7.2	26.9	—	—
1995	0.823	78.2	0.5	66.8	1.19	4.5	100	6	7.7	27.1	—	—
1996	0.829	78.5	1.0	66.9	1.20	4.8	100	6	7.6	27.4	—	—
1997	0.836	78.8	2.3	67.0	1.22	4.8	100	6	7.6	27.7	—	—
1998	0.840	79.0	4.6	67.0	1.22	4.8	100	5	7.8	27.9	—	—
1999	0.845	79.4	14.4	67.1	1.23	5.0	100	5	7.9	28.2	—	—
2000	0.849	79.8	23.1	67.2	1.26	5.1	100	5	8.0	28.3	—	—
2001	0.856	80.1	27.2	67.3	1.25	5.4	100	5	8.0	28.5	—	—
2002	0.862	80.2	28.0	67.3	1.27	5.6	100	4	8.1	28.8	—	—
2003	0.866	80.0	29.0	67.4	1.29	6.2	100	4	8.4	29.0	—	—
2004	0.874	80.8	33.2	67.5	1.34	5.9	100	4	8.5	29.2	—	—
2005	0.876	80.8	35.0	67.6	1.33	6.7	100	4	8.5	29.4	—	—
2006	0.881	81.3	38.0	67.7	1.37	7.5	100	4	8.3	29.6	33537	32454
2007	0.885	81.4	40.8	67.8	1.39	8.7	100	4	8.2	29.9	37826	34108
2008	0.885	81.5	44.5	67.9	1.44	10.8	100	4	7.8	30.1	40829	35422
2009	0.884	81.6	48.8	68.0	1.44	12.5	100	3	7.0	30.3	37100	34502
2010	0.887	82.0	53.7	68.2	1.44	12.8	100	3	7.1	30.5	35857	34974
2011	0.890	82.2	54.4	68.4	1.42	11.9	100	3	6.9	30.7	38432	36392
2012	0.887	82.2	55.8	68.8	1.42	14.4	100	3	6.5	30.9	34854	36281
2013	0.887	82.7	58.5	69.3	1.39	16.3	100	3	6.0	31.1	35702	36459
2014	0.890	83.1	55.6	69.6	1.38	17.1	100	3	5.7	31.3	36028	36666
2015	0.889	82.5	58.1	69.6	1.36	16.6	100	3	5.9	31.4	30640	37384
2016	0.894	83.2	61.3	69.6	1.36	16.1	100	3	5.8	31.6	31392	40483
2017	0.897	83.0	63.1	69.5	1.34	16.4	100	3	5.8	31.8	32844	42142
2018	0.902	83.3	74.4	69.5	1.31	17.1	100	3	5.7	32.0	35062	43583
2019	0.906	83.5	67.8	69.5	1.27	17.3	100	3	5.6	32.2	33813	46662
2020	0.899	82.2	70.5	69.5	1.24	18.7	100	3	5.0	32.4	32091	44436
2021	0.908	82.7	74.9	69.5	1.25	17.5	100	3	5.6	32.5	36853	49825
2022	0.905	82.7	85.1	69.5	1.24	—	100	2	5.6	32.7	35654	57261
2023	0.915	83.3	87.0	69.5	1.21	—	100	2	5.2	32.9	39280	60350
2024	—	84.0	89.2	69.6	1.18	—	100	2	5.1	—	40430	62293
2025	—	—	—	69.7	—	—	—	—	—	—	43309	62803
On the profile	0.915	84.0	89.2	69.7	1.18	17.5	—	—	5.1	32.9	43309	62803

Sources: HDI: UNDP HDR 2025; Life expectancy at birth: World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN; Internet users: World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS; Urban population: World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS; Births per woman: World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN; Renewable share of energy: World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS; Access to electricity: World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS; Infant mortality: World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN; CO2 emissions per person: World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5; Forest area: World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS; GDP per capita: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD; GDP per capita, PPP: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD. Profile snapshot from the site dataset regenerated 2026-10-04. Observed years only.

A dotted value moved sharply against the previous observed value in its series, which is the usual signature of a series break or a source revision; it is a prompt to check, not a judgement. The last row, On the profile, is the figure the country profile shows today, set under its series so the two can be checked against each other. ≠ marks a difference of more than 2%: none on this page.

← Italy profile Facts file (markdown)What changed in twenty years Methodology