Madagascar, year by year

Every index this site holds for Madagascar, in time order: 12 series across 1990–2025, each value as its source published it. The profile shows the latest snapshot; this is the record behind it.

HDI since 1999

Human development rose from 0.436 in 1999 to 0.487 in 2023.

UNDP Human Development Report, 2025 edition. 25 annual values, none interpolated.

Twenty years here

The world report

Life expectancy at birth: 63.8 years2024at birthUp 3.2 years from 60.7 years in 2005
Internet users: 19%2024of people onlineUp 18 points from 1% in 2006
Urban population: 33%2025of people in towns and citiesUp 6 points from 27% in 2006
Births per woman: 3.912024births per womanDown 1.29 from 5.20 in 2005
Renewable share of energy: 83%2022of energy usedDown 1 point from 84% in 2004
Access to electricity: 43%2024of people with electricityUp 27 points from 16% in 2005
Infant mortality: 432024deaths before age one, per 1,000 birthsDown 11 from 54 in 2005
CO2 emissions per person: 0.1 t2024of CO2 per person a yearUp 0.1 t from 0.1 t in 2005
Forest area: 21%2023of land under forestDown 1 point from 22% in 2004

World Bank, from the first to the last observed year of each indicator; each has its own window.

All indexes, 1990–2025

36 years · 12 series · 1 value marked for checking

Year	HDI0–1	Life expectancy at birthyears	Internet users% of people	Urban population% of people	Births per womanbirths	Renewable share of energy% of energy	Access to electricity% of people	Infant mortalityper 1,000 births	CO2 emissions per persont/year	Forest area% of land	GDP per capitaUS$	GDP per capita, PPPintl $
1990	—	52.1	—	—	6.14	87.2	—	91	0.1	23.6	—	—
1991	—	52.6	—	22.2	6.12	86.6	—	89	0.1	23.4	—	—
1992	—	53.0	—	22.5	6.08	86.7	9	86	0.1	23.3	—	—
1993	—	53.7	—	22.9	6.06	87.0	10	84	0.1	23.2	—	—
1994	—	54.3	—	23.2	6.04	86.0	11	81	0.1	23.1	—	—
1995	—	54.9	—	23.5	6.04	86.1	11	79	0.1	23.0	—	—
1996	—	55.5	0.0	23.8	6.03	85.5	11	76	0.1	22.9	—	—
1997	—	56.1	0.0	24.1	6.02	83.1	11	74	0.1	22.8	—	—
1998	—	56.8	0.1	24.4	5.99	82.7	12	71	0.1	22.6	—	—
1999	0.436	57.4	0.2	24.7	5.84	82.7	13	68	0.1	22.5	—	—
2000	0.443	58.0	0.2	25.0	5.67	82.2	13	65	0.1	22.4	—	—
2001	0.451	58.7	0.2	25.3	5.53	84.1	15	63	0.1	22.3	—	—
2002	0.448	59.2	0.3	25.6	5.41	87.2	14	61	0.1	22.3	—	—
2003	0.458	59.7	0.4	25.9	5.33	84.8	20	58	0.1	22.2	—	—
2004	0.465	60.2	0.5	26.2	5.26	84.3	15	56	0.1	22.1	—	—
2005	0.470	60.7	0.6	26.5	5.20	84.9	16	54	0.1	22.0	—	—
2006	0.474	61.1	0.6	26.8	5.13	85.9	17	52	0.1	21.9	324	1416
2007	0.482	61.5	0.7	27.0	5.08	86.2	18	50	0.1	21.8	420	1493
2008	0.490	62.0	1.6	27.3	5.04	86.4	18	49	0.1	21.8	513	1577
2009	0.493	62.3	1.6	27.6	5.00	87.2	17	47	0.1	21.7	446	1480
2010	0.493	62.6	1.7	27.9	4.90	86.7	12	46	0.1	21.6	450	1464
2011	0.494	62.9	1.9	28.1	4.74	84.5	14	45	0.1	21.6	506	1475
2012	0.496	63.0	2.3	28.4	4.61	83.3	19	45	0.1	21.6	494	1464
2013	0.497	63.2	3.0	28.7	4.53	81.4	13	44	0.1	21.5	515	1473
2014	0.500	63.3	3.7	28.9	4.42	82.2	23	44	0.1	21.5	506	1499
2015	0.501	63.4	4.2	29.2	4.34	83.9	24	44	0.1	21.5	445	1497
2016	0.501	63.4	4.7	29.4	4.29	83.8	23	44	0.1	21.5	454	1562
2017	0.505	63.4	6.4	29.7	4.26	81.9	24	44	0.1	21.4	492	1547
2018	0.501	63.5	7.8	29.9	4.25	84.2	37	44	0.1	21.4	500	1547
2019	0.495	63.5	9.4	30.3	4.22	82.5	31	44	0.1	21.4	500	1612
2020	0.483	62.7	11.3	30.7	4.17	84.7	32	44	0.1	21.4	451	1490
2021	0.481	62.5	13.8	31.1	4.10	83.6	35	44	0.1	21.3	483	1577
2022	0.483	63.1	17.8	31.5	4.04	83.1	36	44	0.1	21.3	504	1716
2023	0.487	63.6	18.2	32.0	3.97	—	39	44	0.1	21.3	514	1810
2024	—	63.8	18.7	32.4	3.91	—	43	43	0.1	—	550	1889
2025	—	—	—	32.9	—	—	—	—	—	—	599	1952
On the profile	0.487	63.8	18.7	32.9	3.91	83.1	—	—	0.1	21.3	599	1952

Sources: HDI: UNDP HDR 2025; Life expectancy at birth: World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN; Internet users: World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS; Urban population: World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS; Births per woman: World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN; Renewable share of energy: World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS; Access to electricity: World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS; Infant mortality: World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN; CO2 emissions per person: World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5; Forest area: World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS; GDP per capita: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD; GDP per capita, PPP: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD. Profile snapshot from the site dataset regenerated 2026-10-04. Observed years only.

A dotted value moved sharply against the previous observed value in its series, which is the usual signature of a series break or a source revision; it is a prompt to check, not a judgement. The last row, On the profile, is the figure the country profile shows today, set under its series so the two can be checked against each other. ≠ marks a difference of more than 2%: none on this page.

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