Romania, year by year

Every index this site holds for Romania, in time order: 12 series across 1990–2025, each value as its source published it. The profile shows the latest snapshot; this is the record behind it.

HDI since 1990

Human development rose from 0.719 in 1990 to 0.845 in 2023.

UNDP Human Development Report, 2025 edition. 34 annual values, none interpolated.

Twenty years here

The world report

Life expectancy at birth: 76.5 years2024at birthUp 4.5 years from 71.9 years in 2005
Internet users: 91%2024of people onlineUp 67 points from 25% in 2006
Urban population: 52%2025of people in towns and citiesDown 1 point from 53% in 2006
Births per woman: 1.392024births per womanDown 0.01 from 1.40 in 2005
Renewable share of energy: 24%2021of energy usedUp 6 points from 17% in 2004
Access to electricity: 100%2024of people with electricityUp 4 points from 96% in 2005
Infant mortality: 62024deaths before age one, per 1,000 birthsDown 10 from 16 in 2005
CO2 emissions per person: 3.7 t2024of CO2 per person a yearDown 1.2 t from 4.9 t in 2005
Forest area: 30%2023of land under forestUp 2 points from 28% in 2004

World Bank, from the first to the last observed year of each indicator; each has its own window.

All indexes, 1990–2025

36 years · 12 series · 3 values marked for checking

Year	HDI0–1	Life expectancy at birthyears	Internet users% of people	Urban population% of people	Births per womanbirths	Renewable share of energy% of energy	Access to electricity% of people	Infant mortalityper 1,000 births	CO2 emissions per persont/year	Forest area% of land	GDP per capitaUS$	GDP per capita, PPPintl $
1990	0.719	69.7	—	—	1.83	3.4	100	24	8.1	27.8	—	—
1991	0.705	69.8	—	54.3	1.59	5.0	100	23	6.6	27.8	—	—
1992	0.694	69.8	—	54.3	1.51	5.6	100	23	6.1	27.8	—	—
1993	0.692	69.6	0.0	54.2	1.43	7.2	100	23	5.8	27.8	—	—
1994	0.695	69.5	0.0	54.1	1.40	7.6	100	22	5.6	27.8	—	—
1995	0.701	69.5	0.1	53.9	1.33	8.6	100	22	5.9	27.8	—	—
1996	0.707	69.1	0.2	53.7	1.30	11.9	100	22	6.0	27.7	—	—
1997	0.709	69.0	0.5	53.5	1.32	15.8	100	21	5.5	27.7	—	—
1998	0.715	69.8	2.2	53.2	1.32	16.3	100	21	4.8	27.7	—	—
1999	0.724	70.5	2.7	53.0	1.30	17.7	100	19	4.2	27.7	—	—
2000	0.730	71.2	3.6	52.9	1.31	16.4	94	18	4.3	27.7	—	—
2001	0.737	71.2	4.5	52.8	1.27	13.4	95	17	4.7	27.8	—	—
2002	0.745	71.0	6.6	52.8	1.27	14.4	95	17	4.8	27.8	—	—
2003	0.749	71.3	8.9	52.8	1.30	15.7	95	17	5.0	27.9	—	—
2004	0.757	71.6	15.0	52.9	1.33	17.3	95	16	4.9	27.9	—	—
2005	0.765	71.9	21.5	53.1	1.40	18.5	96	16	4.9	28.0	—	—
2006	0.781	72.2	24.7	53.3	1.42	17.4	96	14	5.2	28.1	5758	11554
2007	0.792	72.6	28.3	53.5	1.45	18.2	96	13	5.1	28.1	8360	13703
2008	0.815	72.6	32.4	53.6	1.60	20.4	97	12	5.1	28.2	10435	16782
2009	0.826	73.3	36.6	53.8	1.66	22.1	97	11	4.2	28.3	8548	16641
2010	0.822	73.5	39.9	53.9	1.59	24.1	97	11	4.1	28.3	8400	17355
2011	0.823	74.4	40.0	54.0	1.47	21.1	97	10	4.5	28.6	9561	18804
2012	0.817	74.4	45.9	54.0	1.52	21.5	98	10	4.4	29.0	8930	19807
2013	0.821	75.1	49.8	53.9	1.46	23.1	98	9	4.0	29.3	9498	19678
2014	0.820	74.9	54.1	53.8	1.56	24.3	98	8	4.0	29.7	10032	20633
2015	0.823	74.9	55.8	53.7	1.62	23.7	99	8	4.0	30.0	8977	21625
2016	0.823	75.2	59.5	53.5	1.69	24.4	99	7	4.0	30.1	9405	23905
2017	0.828	75.2	63.8	53.4	1.78	23.4	100	7	4.2	30.1	10728	26943
2018	0.833	75.4	70.7	53.1	1.76	23.0	100	6	4.3	30.1	12416	29383
2019	0.838	75.6	73.7	52.9	1.77	23.5	100	6	4.2	30.1	12910	33425
2020	0.832	74.3	78.5	52.6	1.80	24.1	100	5	3.9	30.1	13009	34194
2021	0.829	72.8	83.6	52.2	1.81	23.6	100	5	4.2	30.1	14908	37534
2022	0.840	75.2	85.5	52.2	1.71	—	100	5	4.0	30.1	15503	41979
2023	0.845	76.4	89.2	52.2	1.54	—	100	6	3.7	30.1	18244	45982
2024	—	76.5	91.3	52.2	1.39	—	100	6	3.7	—	20080	49077
2025	—	—	—	52.2	—	—	—	—	—	—	22538	50895
On the profile	0.845	76.5	91.3	52.2	1.39	23.6	—	—	3.7	30.1	22538	50895

Sources: HDI: UNDP HDR 2025; Life expectancy at birth: World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN; Internet users: World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS; Urban population: World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS; Births per woman: World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN; Renewable share of energy: World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS; Access to electricity: World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS; Infant mortality: World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN; CO2 emissions per person: World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5; Forest area: World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS; GDP per capita: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD; GDP per capita, PPP: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD. Profile snapshot from the site dataset regenerated 2026-10-04. Observed years only.

A dotted value moved sharply against the previous observed value in its series, which is the usual signature of a series break or a source revision; it is a prompt to check, not a judgement. The last row, On the profile, is the figure the country profile shows today, set under its series so the two can be checked against each other. ≠ marks a difference of more than 2%: none on this page.

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