Tonga, year by year

Every index this site holds for Tonga, in time order: 12 series across 1990–2025, each value as its source published it. The profile shows the latest snapshot; this is the record behind it.

HDI since 1990

Human development rose from 0.641 in 1990 to 0.769 in 2023.

UNDP Human Development Report, 2025 edition. 34 annual values, none interpolated.

Twenty years here

The world report

Life expectancy at birth: 73.1 years2024at birthUp 2.5 years from 70.6 years in 2005
Internet users: 67%2024of people onlineUp 62 points from 6% in 2006
Urban population: 21%2025of people in towns and citiesDown 2 points from 23% in 2006
Births per woman: 3.102024births per womanDown 1.10 from 4.20 in 2005
Renewable share of energy: 2%2022of energy usedLevel with 2004
Access to electricity: 100%2024of people with electricityUp 11 points from 89% in 2005
Infant mortality: 82024deaths before age one, per 1,000 birthsDown 4 from 12 in 2005
CO2 emissions per person: 1.6 t2024of CO2 per person a yearUp 0.5 t from 1.1 t in 2005
Forest area: 12%2023of land under forestLevel with 2004

World Bank, from the first to the last observed year of each indicator; each has its own window.

All indexes, 1990–2025

36 years · 12 series · 1 value marked for checking

Year	HDI0–1	Life expectancy at birthyears	Internet users% of people	Urban population% of people	Births per womanbirths	Renewable share of energy% of energy	Access to electricity% of people	Infant mortalityper 1,000 births	CO2 emissions per persont/year	Forest area% of land	GDP per capitaUS$	GDP per capita, PPPintl $
1990	0.641	67.5	—	—	4.93	1.4	—	18	0.9	12.4	—	—
1991	0.649	67.8	—	22.4	4.85	1.3	—	17	0.9	12.4	—	—
1992	0.654	67.9	—	22.5	4.79	1.6	—	17	1.0	12.4	—	—
1993	0.660	68.2	—	22.6	4.73	1.4	—	16	1.0	12.4	—	—
1994	0.670	68.4	—	22.7	4.66	1.2	80	16	1.4	12.4	—	—
1995	0.675	68.6	0.1	22.8	4.56	1.2	82	15	1.1	12.4	—	—
1996	0.678	68.8	0.2	22.9	4.46	1.5	83	15	1.3	12.4	—	—
1997	0.680	69.0	0.5	22.9	4.38	1.3	83	15	1.4	12.4	—	—
1998	0.685	69.2	0.8	23.0	4.31	1.2	84	14	1.5	12.4	—	—
1999	0.688	69.4	1.0	23.0	4.23	1.0	85	14	1.4	12.4	—	—
2000	0.688	69.6	2.4	23.0	4.16	2.5	86	14	1.0	12.4	—	—
2001	0.693	69.8	2.8	23.1	4.13	2.7	86	13	0.9	12.4	—	—
2002	0.700	70.0	2.9	23.1	4.14	2.5	87	13	1.0	12.4	—	—
2003	0.703	70.2	3.0	23.1	4.18	2.0	88	13	1.2	12.4	—	—
2004	0.705	70.4	4.0	23.1	4.19	2.1	88	12	1.1	12.4	—	—
2005	0.706	70.6	4.9	23.1	4.20	2.1	89	12	1.1	12.4	—	—
2006	0.708	70.7	5.8	23.2	4.14	1.9	92	12	1.3	12.4	2750	4327
2007	0.710	70.9	7.2	23.2	4.09	2.2	91	11	1.1	12.4	2797	4316
2008	0.717	71.0	8.1	23.3	4.01	2.0	91	11	1.2	12.4	3218	4600
2009	0.718	71.0	10.0	23.4	3.95	1.8	92	11	1.2	12.4	2914	4384
2010	0.724	71.3	16.0	23.4	3.88	1.0	93	11	1.2	12.4	3416	4465
2011	0.731	71.4	25.0	23.5	3.83	1.1	92	10	1.1	12.4	3850	4855
2012	0.735	71.5	30.0	23.5	3.77	1.1	93	10	1.1	12.4	4384	4996
2013	0.737	71.7	32.8	23.4	3.70	1.6	95	10	1.1	12.4	4219	5120
2014	0.740	71.7	36.0	23.3	3.62	1.7	96	10	1.2	12.4	4137	5336
2015	0.743	71.8	38.6	23.2	3.54	1.9	100	10	1.3	12.4	4124	5472
2016	0.749	72.0	40.0	23.1	3.46	2.0	97	9	1.4	12.4	3988	5920
2017	0.755	72.1	46.2	23.0	3.39	2.0	98	9	1.5	12.4	4366	6229
2018	0.759	72.2	48.8	22.7	3.33	1.8	99	9	1.4	12.4	4675	6393
2019	0.763	72.3	51.6	22.3	3.27	1.8	98	9	1.6	12.4	4789	6473
2020	0.765	72.4	54.5	21.9	3.23	1.9	100	9	1.8	12.4	4792	6677
2021	0.763	72.1	57.5	21.3	3.20	1.8	100	9	2.0	12.4	4923	6930
2022	0.764	72.6	61.6	21.1	3.17	2.3	100	8	1.5	12.4	5298	7296
2023	0.769	72.9	64.1	21.1	3.13	—	100	8	1.6	12.4	5652	7810
2024	—	73.1	67.4	21.1	3.10	—	100	8	1.6	—	6215	8174
2025	—	—	—	21.2	—	—	—	—	—	—	6547	8675
On the profile	0.769	73.1	67.4	21.2	3.10	2.3	—	—	1.6	12.4	6547	8675

Sources: HDI: UNDP HDR 2025; Life expectancy at birth: World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN; Internet users: World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS; Urban population: World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS; Births per woman: World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN; Renewable share of energy: World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS; Access to electricity: World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS; Infant mortality: World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN; CO2 emissions per person: World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5; Forest area: World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS; GDP per capita: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD; GDP per capita, PPP: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD. Profile snapshot from the site dataset regenerated 2026-10-04. Observed years only.

A dotted value moved sharply against the previous observed value in its series, which is the usual signature of a series break or a source revision; it is a prompt to check, not a judgement. The last row, On the profile, is the figure the country profile shows today, set under its series so the two can be checked against each other. ≠ marks a difference of more than 2%: none on this page.

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