Eritrea, year by year

Every index this site holds for Eritrea, in time order: 12 series across 1990–2025, each value as its source published it. The profile shows the latest snapshot; this is the record behind it.

HDI since 2005

Human development rose from 0.474 in 2005 to 0.503 in 2023.

UNDP Human Development Report, 2025 edition. 19 annual values, none interpolated.

Twenty years here

The world report

Life expectancy at birth: 68.9 years2024at birthUp 8.3 years from 60.6 years in 2005
Urban population: 35%2025of people in towns and citiesDown 1 point from 35% in 2006
Births per woman: 3.682024births per womanDown 1.25 from 4.93 in 2005
Renewable share of energy: 81%2021of energy usedUp 11 points from 70% in 2004
Access to electricity: 55%2024of people with electricityUp 21 points from 35% in 2005
Infant mortality: 252024deaths before age one, per 1,000 birthsDown 19 from 43 in 2005
CO2 emissions per person: 0.2 t2024of CO2 per person a yearLevel with 2005
Forest area: 9%2023of land under forestDown 1 point from 9% in 2004

World Bank, from the first to the last observed year of each indicator; each has its own window.

All indexes, 1990–2025

36 years · 12 series · 6 values marked for checking

Year	HDI0–1	Life expectancy at birthyears	Internet users% of people	Urban population% of people	Births per womanbirths	Renewable share of energy% of energy	Access to electricity% of people	Infant mortalityper 1,000 births	CO2 emissions per persont/year	Forest area% of land	GDP per capitaUS$	GDP per capita, PPPintl $
1990	—	49.7	—	—	6.34	—	—	81	0.2	—	—	—
1991	—	50.5	—	19.8	6.24	—	—	78	0.2	—	—	—
1992	—	52.4	—	21.4	6.16	89.9	—	75	0.3	—	—	—
1993	—	53.2	0.0	23.3	6.07	83.6	—	71	0.4	11.3	—	—
1994	—	54.0	0.0	25.2	6.01	80.1	—	68	0.4	11.3	—	—
1995	—	54.8	0.0	27.2	5.94	77.9	23	64	0.4	11.2	—	—
1996	—	55.5	0.0	29.2	5.84	76.4	25	61	0.4	11.2	—	—
1997	—	56.2	0.0	30.9	5.74	77.6	26	58	0.4	11.2	—	—
1998	—	50.0	0.0	32.4	5.63	75.0	27	55	0.3	11.1	—	—
1999	—	44.5	0.0	33.5	5.52	76.1	28	61	0.3	11.1	—	—
2000	—	56.3	0.1	34.1	5.40	76.8	29	51	0.3	11.1	—	—
2001	—	58.4	0.2	34.3	5.31	74.8	30	49	0.3	11.0	—	—
2002	—	58.9	0.2	34.5	5.23	74.7	32	47	0.3	11.0	—	—
2003	—	59.5	—	34.8	5.14	75.0	32	46	0.3	11.0	—	—
2004	—	60.1	—	34.9	5.04	69.8	33	45	0.3	9.1	—	—
2005	0.474	60.6	—	35.1	4.93	74.7	35	43	0.2	9.1	—	—
2006	0.473	61.5	—	35.3	4.88	77.3	36	42	0.2	9.1	448	1682
2007	0.472	62.0	0.4	35.4	4.81	79.1	37	41	0.2	9.1	480	1727
2008	0.457	62.4	0.5	35.5	4.74	81.4	38	40	0.2	9.0	490	1547
2009	0.462	63.2	0.5	35.6	4.66	81.7	39	39	0.2	9.0	643	1577
2010	0.465	63.7	0.6	35.6	4.57	80.9	40	38	0.2	9.0	540	1599
2011	0.480	64.2	0.7	35.7	4.49	77.1	41	36	0.2	8.9	689	1742
2012	0.483	64.7	0.8	35.7	4.41	78.4	42	35	0.2	8.9	—	—
2013	0.479	65.0	0.9	35.7	4.34	79.7	44	34	0.2	8.9	—	—
2014	0.497	65.5	1.0	35.6	4.27	80.5	45	33	0.2	8.9	—	—
2015	0.480	65.9	1.1	35.6	4.22	81.2	46	32	0.2	8.8	—	—
2016	0.485	66.2	1.2	35.5	4.16	81.4	47	31	0.2	8.8	—	—
2017	0.480	66.6	2.5	35.4	4.11	81.6	48	31	0.2	8.8	—	—
2018	0.490	67.0	5.3	35.4	4.06	80.8	49	30	0.2	8.8	—	—
2019	0.495	67.3	11.2	35.2	4.00	80.6	50	29	0.2	8.7	—	—
2020	0.495	67.0	14.3	35.1	3.93	80.9	51	28	0.2	8.7	—	—
2021	0.496	66.9	—	35.0	3.87	80.7	53	27	0.2	8.7	—	—
2022	0.499	67.8	—	34.9	3.79	—	55	26	0.2	8.7	—	—
2023	0.503	68.6	—	34.7	3.71	—	54	25	0.2	8.6	—	—
2024	—	68.9	—	34.5	3.68	—	55	25	0.2	—	—	—
2025	—	—	—	34.5	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
On the profile	0.503	68.9	—	34.5	3.68	80.7	—	—	0.2	8.6	—	—

Sources: HDI: UNDP HDR 2025; Life expectancy at birth: World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN; Internet users: World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS; Urban population: World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS; Births per woman: World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN; Renewable share of energy: World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS; Access to electricity: World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS; Infant mortality: World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN; CO2 emissions per person: World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5; Forest area: World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS; GDP per capita: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD; GDP per capita, PPP: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD. Profile snapshot from the site dataset regenerated 2026-10-04. Observed years only.

A dotted value moved sharply against the previous observed value in its series, which is the usual signature of a series break or a source revision; it is a prompt to check, not a judgement. The last row, On the profile, is the figure the country profile shows today, set under its series so the two can be checked against each other. ≠ marks a difference of more than 2%: none on this page.

← Eritrea profile Facts file (markdown)What changed in twenty years Methodology