United Kingdom, year by year

Every index this site holds for United Kingdom, in time order: 12 series across 1990–2025, each value as its source published it. The profile shows the latest snapshot; this is the record behind it.

HDI since 1990

Human development rose from 0.812 in 1990 to 0.946 in 2023.

UNDP Human Development Report, 2025 edition. 34 annual values, none interpolated.

Twenty years here

The world report

Life expectancy at birth: 81.4 years2024at birthUp 2.3 years from 79 years in 2005
Internet users: 95%2024of people onlineUp 27 points from 69% in 2006
Urban population: 83%2025of people in towns and citiesUp 3 points from 81% in 2006
Births per woman: 1.552024births per womanDown 0.21 from 1.76 in 2005
Renewable share of energy: 12%2021of energy usedUp 11 points from 1% in 2004
Access to electricity: 100%2024of people with electricityLevel with 2005
Infant mortality: 42024deaths before age one, per 1,000 birthsDown 1 from 5 in 2005
CO2 emissions per person: 4.2 t2024of CO2 per person a yearDown 5 t from 9.3 t in 2005
Forest area: 13%2023of land under forestUp 1 point from 12% in 2004

World Bank, from the first to the last observed year of each indicator; each has its own window.

All indexes, 1990–2025

36 years · 12 series · 1 value marked for checking

Year	HDI0–1	Life expectancy at birthyears	Internet users% of people	Urban population% of people	Births per womanbirths	Renewable share of energy% of energy	Access to electricity% of people	Infant mortalityper 1,000 births	CO2 emissions per persont/year	Forest area% of land	GDP per capitaUS$	GDP per capita, PPPintl $
1990	0.812	75.9	—	—	1.83	0.7	100	8	10.2	11.5	—	—
1991	0.816	76.1	0.2	78.1	1.82	0.6	100	7	10.3	11.6	—	—
1992	0.824	76.4	0.3	78.2	1.79	0.8	100	7	10.1	11.6	—	—
1993	0.827	76.4	0.5	78.3	1.76	0.8	100	7	9.7	11.7	—	—
1994	0.836	76.9	1.0	78.5	1.74	1.0	100	6	9.6	11.8	—	—
1995	0.835	76.8	1.9	78.7	1.71	1.1	100	6	9.4	11.8	—	—
1996	0.841	77.1	4.1	78.9	1.73	0.9	100	6	9.8	11.9	—	—
1997	0.849	77.2	7.4	79.1	1.72	1.0	100	6	9.4	12.0	—	—
1998	0.856	77.2	13.7	79.4	1.71	1.0	100	6	9.4	12.1	—	—
1999	0.862	77.4	21.3	79.6	1.68	0.9	100	6	9.3	12.1	—	—
2000	0.870	77.7	26.8	79.8	1.64	1.0	100	6	9.4	12.2	—	—
2001	0.876	78.0	33.5	80.0	1.63	0.8	100	6	9.5	12.3	—	—
2002	0.881	78.1	56.5	80.1	1.63	1.0	100	5	9.2	12.3	—	—
2003	0.886	78.5	64.8	80.2	1.70	0.9	100	5	9.4	12.3	—	—
2004	0.897	78.8	65.6	80.3	1.75	1.1	100	5	9.3	12.4	—	—
2005	0.903	79.0	70.0	80.5	1.76	1.4	100	5	9.3	12.4	—	—
2006	0.902	79.3	68.8	80.5	1.82	1.6	100	5	9.2	12.5	44695	34870
2007	0.905	79.5	75.1	80.7	1.86	1.8	100	5	9.0	12.5	50629	35685
2008	0.910	79.6	78.4	80.8	1.91	2.4	100	5	8.6	12.6	47652	36943
2009	0.915	80.0	83.6	80.9	1.89	3.0	100	5	7.8	12.6	39009	35281
2010	0.921	80.4	85.0	81.0	1.92	3.2	100	4	8.0	12.6	39778	36649
2011	0.916	81.0	85.4	81.1	1.91	4.0	100	4	7.3	12.7	42296	37389
2012	0.917	80.9	87.5	81.3	1.92	4.2	100	4	7.6	12.8	42688	38515
2013	0.931	81.0	89.8	81.5	1.83	5.2	100	4	7.3	12.9	43608	40121
2014	0.932	81.3	91.6	81.6	1.81	6.6	100	4	6.7	13.0	47747	41546
2015	0.931	81.0	92.0	81.8	1.80	7.7	100	4	6.4	13.0	45256	42772
2016	0.934	81.2	94.8	82.0	1.79	7.7	100	4	6.0	13.1	41259	44376
2017	0.937	81.3	90.4	82.2	1.74	8.8	100	4	5.8	13.1	40918	46441
2018	0.936	81.3	90.7	82.5	1.68	10.2	100	4	5.6	13.1	43704	47636
2019	0.941	81.4	92.5	82.7	1.63	11.4	100	4	5.4	13.2	43161	50494
2020	0.930	80.3	94.8	82.9	1.57	13.6	100	4	4.8	13.2	40815	48720
2021	0.941	80.7	96.2	83.0	1.58	12.2	100	4	5.0	13.2	47696	51840
2022	0.946	81.0	95.5	83.1	1.56	—	100	4	4.8	13.3	47035	60267
2023	0.946	81.2	95.5	83.2	1.56	—	100	4	4.5	13.3	49920	60787
2024	—	81.4	95.5	83.2	1.55	—	100	4	4.2	—	53341	62839
2025	—	—	—	83.3	—	—	—	—	—	—	57602	64606
On the profile	0.946	81.4	95.5	83.3	1.55	12.2	—	—	4.2	13.3	57602	64606

Sources: HDI: UNDP HDR 2025; Life expectancy at birth: World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN; Internet users: World Bank IT.NET.USER.ZS; Urban population: World Bank SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS; Births per woman: World Bank SP.DYN.TFRT.IN; Renewable share of energy: World Bank EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS; Access to electricity: World Bank EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS; Infant mortality: World Bank SP.DYN.IMRT.IN; CO2 emissions per person: World Bank EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5; Forest area: World Bank AG.LND.FRST.ZS; GDP per capita: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.CD; GDP per capita, PPP: World Bank NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD. Profile snapshot from the site dataset regenerated 2026-10-04. Observed years only.

A dotted value moved sharply against the previous observed value in its series, which is the usual signature of a series break or a source revision; it is a prompt to check, not a judgement. The last row, On the profile, is the figure the country profile shows today, set under its series so the two can be checked against each other. ≠ marks a difference of more than 2%: none on this page.

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