GeoRealityMatch
A picturesque church in Luxembourg City surrounded by greenery under a clear blue sky.A scenic view of Luxembourg's historic cliffs and fortifications overlooking the city.

Luxembourg

Europe · Western Europe

Expensive cost of livingVery high development

Incomes are high for Europe, and people live long. Youth unemployment is high for Europe.

vs Belgiumvs Switzerland
Safety
Homicides
1.5per 100,000 people a yearLowUNODC / World Bank · 2022
Safety index
66.8Numbeo's safety index, higher is saferHighNumbeo · 2026
Money

Incomes above the European median

Median disposable income
€50,046per adult, a year, after tax and transfersVery high
Eurostat · 2025
Rent index
49.3New York = 100Very expensiveNumbeo · 2026
Property price to income
9.4years of median income to buy a median flatAffordableNumbeo · 2026

Income and inflation over time

Income per person rose 62% in current dollars from 2006 to 2025, and fell 2% after inflation.

GDP per person, current US$At purchasing power parityInflation

$0$100K$200K$156,542 PPP$147,252Inflation, % a year8%0200620102015202020252006, $90,789 a person, $78,861 at PPP, inflation 2.7%2007, $107,475 a person, $85,126 at PPP, inflation 2.3%2008, $120,422 a person, $90,971 at PPP, inflation 3.4%2009, $109,420 a person, $86,919 at PPP, inflation 0.4%2010, $110,886 a person, $90,336 at PPP, inflation 2.3%2011, $119,025 a person, $94,475 at PPP, inflation 3.4%2012, $112,585 a person, $96,636 at PPP, inflation 2.7%2013, $120,000 a person, $100,925 at PPP, inflation 1.7%2014, $123,679 a person, $105,296 at PPP, inflation 0.6%2015, $105,462 a person, $107,860 at PPP, inflation 0.5%2016, $106,899 a person, $113,365 at PPP, inflation 0.3%2017, $110,193 a person, $114,986 at PPP, inflation 1.7%2018, $116,927 a person, $116,638 at PPP, inflation 1.5%2019, $112,697 a person, $121,372 at PPP, inflation 1.7%2020, $116,860 a person, $122,067 at PPP, inflation 0.8%2021, $134,966 a person, $136,772 at PPP, inflation 2.5%2022, $123,720 a person, $146,919 at PPP, inflation 6.3%2023, $133,231 a person, $152,596 at PPP, inflation 3.7%2024, $137,782 a person, $156,079 at PPP, inflation 2.1%2025, $147,252 a person, $156,542 at PPP, inflation 2.3%$0$100K$200KInflation, % a year8%0200620102015202020252006, $90,789 a person, $78,861 at PPP, inflation 2.7%2007, $107,475 a person, $85,126 at PPP, inflation 2.3%2008, $120,422 a person, $90,971 at PPP, inflation 3.4%2009, $109,420 a person, $86,919 at PPP, inflation 0.4%2010, $110,886 a person, $90,336 at PPP, inflation 2.3%2011, $119,025 a person, $94,475 at PPP, inflation 3.4%2012, $112,585 a person, $96,636 at PPP, inflation 2.7%2013, $120,000 a person, $100,925 at PPP, inflation 1.7%2014, $123,679 a person, $105,296 at PPP, inflation 0.6%2015, $105,462 a person, $107,860 at PPP, inflation 0.5%2016, $106,899 a person, $113,365 at PPP, inflation 0.3%2017, $110,193 a person, $114,986 at PPP, inflation 1.7%2018, $116,927 a person, $116,638 at PPP, inflation 1.5%2019, $112,697 a person, $121,372 at PPP, inflation 1.7%2020, $116,860 a person, $122,067 at PPP, inflation 0.8%2021, $134,966 a person, $136,772 at PPP, inflation 2.5%2022, $123,720 a person, $146,919 at PPP, inflation 6.3%2023, $133,231 a person, $152,596 at PPP, inflation 3.7%2024, $137,782 a person, $156,079 at PPP, inflation 2.1%2025, $147,252 a person, $156,542 at PPP, inflation 2.3%

World Bank: GDP per person in current US dollars and at PPP, real GDP per person, consumer price inflation. Observed years only.

Health

Among the longest-lived countries

Life expectancy
83.2years, at birthVery high
#14 of 195
World Bank · 2024
Health coverage
83WHO universal health coverage index, 0 to 100Very highWHO · 2023
Air pollution
7.0PM2.5, micrograms per cubic metre, national averageVery lowWHO · 2023
Work and internet

Higher youth unemployment than most of Europe

Youth unemployment
21.6%share of 15 to 24 year olds in the labour forceHigh
Eurostat · 2024
Home internet
215 Mbpsmedian download speedVery fastOokla Speedtest · 2025

Internet speeds

Home internet215 MbpsVery fast
Mobile173 MbpsVery fast

Ookla Speedtest Global Index, median download speed, ranked among the countries Ookla lists.

A scenic view of Luxembourg's historic cliffs and fortifications overlooking the city.
How it changed

Luxembourg's Human Development Index

0.922Very high human development

25th of 193 in UNDP's 2023 ranking, 16th of 44 in Europe.

UNDP builds the index from three dimensions: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and a decent standard of living. They are measured by life expectancy at birth, mean and expected years of schooling, and gross national income per capita. UNDP Human Development Report 2025.

Nearest countries by HDI

  1. #23Japan0.925
  2. #24Malta0.924
  3. #25Luxembourg0.922
  4. #26France0.920
  5. #27Israel0.919
Full HDI ranking, all 193 countries

HDI since 1990

Year by year

Human development rose from 0.787 in 1990 to 0.922 in 2023.

0.750.850.950.92219902000201020231990: 0.7871991: 0.7961992: 0.8011993: 0.8121994: 0.8201995: 0.8241996: 0.8321997: 0.8371998: 0.8451999: 0.8582000: 0.8612001: 0.8632002: 0.8682003: 0.8702004: 0.8782005: 0.8792006: 0.8802007: 0.8832008: 0.8962009: 0.9052010: 0.9092011: 0.9112012: 0.9142013: 0.9192014: 0.9242015: 0.9132016: 0.9162017: 0.9132018: 0.9152019: 0.9162020: 0.9162021: 0.9182022: 0.9222023: 0.9220.750.850.9519902000201020231990: 0.7871991: 0.7961992: 0.8011993: 0.8121994: 0.8201995: 0.8241996: 0.8321997: 0.8371998: 0.8451999: 0.8582000: 0.8612001: 0.8632002: 0.8682003: 0.8702004: 0.8782005: 0.8792006: 0.8802007: 0.8832008: 0.8962009: 0.9052010: 0.9092011: 0.9112012: 0.9142013: 0.9192014: 0.9242015: 0.9132016: 0.9162017: 0.9132018: 0.9152019: 0.9162020: 0.9162021: 0.9182022: 0.9222023: 0.922

UNDP Human Development Report, 2025 edition. 34 annual values, none interpolated.

Twenty years here

Year by yearThe world report
Life expectancy at birth
83.2 years2024at birthUp 3.8 years from 79.4 years in 2005
Internet users
99%2025of people onlineUp 27 points from 73% in 2006
Urban population
95%2025of people in towns and citiesUp 8 points from 87% in 2006
Births per woman
1.252024births per womanDown 0.38 from 1.63 in 2005
Renewable share of energy
21%2021of energy usedUp 19 points from 1% in 2004
Access to electricity
100%2024of people with electricityLevel with 2005
Infant mortality
22024deaths before age one, per 1,000 birthsDown 1 from 3 in 2005
CO2 emissions per person
10.6 t2024of CO2 per person a yearDown 15.5 t from 26 t in 2005
Forest area
34%2023of land under forestLevel with 2004

World Bank, from the first to the last observed year of each indicator; each has its own window.

Our take

Highest minimum wage in the EU; a banking capital, tiny but extraordinarily wealthy. The case for living here is high incomes for Europe, long lives and wide access to essential health services. The case against is high youth unemployment for Europe and a high cost of living.

About Luxembourg

Luxembourg is a small Grand Duchy in the heart of Western Europe, punching well above its size with a capital of dramatic castle ramparts and deep river gorges, a prosperous and cosmopolitan population, and the forested Ardennes region in the north. The culture blends French, German, and Luxembourgish influences in a way that is distinctly its own. It suits travellers who enjoy historic architecture, good food, and compact European destinations done very well.

Practical facts

  • CapitalLuxembourg
  • LanguagesGerman, French, Luxembourgish
  • Currencyeuro (EUR)
  • Area2,575 km²
  • Plug typeType C/F
  • Drives on theright
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Quick answers

What is Luxembourg's Human Development Index?

Luxembourg's Human Development Index is 0.922 for 2023 (UNDP Human Development Report 2025), ranked #25 of 193 by UNDP.

How expensive is Luxembourg?

Numbeo's cost-of-living index puts Luxembourg at 78.0 (New York = 100); that is #135 cheapest of 143 countries with data.

What is life expectancy in Luxembourg?

Life expectancy at birth in Luxembourg is 83.2 yrs (World Bank), ranked #14 of 195 countries.

What is the quality of life in Luxembourg?

Numbeo's quality-of-life index scores Luxembourg at 211.9, ranked #3 of 87 countries with data. It composites purchasing power, safety, healthcare, cost of living, commute and pollution from resident surveys, so it reflects what residents report rather than what an economy produces.